Example of a Research Plan Essay

Statement of the Problem The aim of the study is to identify the effect of different pH level of the Agar plate to the antibacterial activity of Santol (Sandoricum koet jape). Specifically, the study will seek for the answer of the question: 1.) Is there any difference on the No.of colonies after applying Santol (Sandoricum koet jape) extract on the Agar plate with pH level greater than seven (base)? 2.) Is there any difference on the No.of colonies after applying Santol (Sandoricum koet jape) extract on the Agar plate with pH level less than seven (acid)? Hypothesis 1.) There is no difference on the No.of colonies after applying Santol (Sandoricum koet jape) extract on the Agar plate with pH level greater than seven (base). 2.) There is difference on the No.of colonies after applying Santol (Sandoricum koet jape) extract on the Agar plate with pH level less than seven (acid). Research Methodology Materials and Equipment The study will make use of: Agar Plates, specifically Nutrient Agar, for different tests and as a controlled variable for the problem, Nutrient Broth, same purpose as the nutrient agar, Santol (Sandoricum koet jape) extract, Escherichia coli, for the gram positive, Bacillus , for gram negative, and Candida________ a test subject for the study. Also, the study will make use of litmus paper for measuring and maintining the pH level of the Agar plates. The study will also make use of spectrophotometry. Research Design The study will use Complete Randomized Design as a Research Design.   Control Group Design is two parallel experiments are set up, identical in all respects except that only one includes the treatment being explored by the experiment. The control group may have no treatment, with nothing happening to them, or they may have a neutral treatment. Statistical Tool The study will make use of ANOVA as its statistical tool. T-test can be use to compare two dependent samples/matched-pairs design experiments. The study will make use of two types of pH: Acidic and Basic. Each Agar Plate will be assign to one specific pH level. Inoculate the microbes in the Agar and in the broth. This can be done by streaking the loop containing the gram positive, gram negative, and the fungi . Data Gathering Procedure Prepare the Agar plate and the broth for the experimentation. The pH of the Agar and the broth must also be set. Place the agar filled petri dishes and the broth that have been inoculated in a dark, warm (86 F) place for a week for incubation. Apply the extract of Santol (Sandoricum koet jape) to each Agar plate and Nutrient Broth. Using the Colony Formation Unit (CFU), determine the number of colony inhibited. Record the data from the Agar plates and the Nutrient broth. Figure 3.1 Experimental Procedures Figure 3.1 Experimental Procedures shows the step by step procedure of the experiment. Starting from the preparation of the Agar plate with their assign pH level. The Agar plate will solidify at 32 ºC- 40 ºC but will melt at approximately 85 ºC. Next is to inoculate the bacteria by streaking the loop containing the bacteria. After inoculating the bacteria, the agar plate must be incubated for one week. After the incubation of the agar plates, apply the Santol (Sandoricum koet jape) extract to the each agar plate. Each plate must receive equal amount of the extract. Using the Colony Formation Unit (CFU), determine the number of inhibited colony/ies and record the data. Data Classification pH Level of the Agar Plate| Number of Colonies| | Trial 1Mean of Three Repetitions| Trial 2Mean of Three Repetitions| Trial 3Mean of Three Repetitions| pH 5| | | | pH 6| | | | pH 7| | | | pH 8| | | | pH 9| | | | Figure 3.2 Interactions in Acidic, Basic, and Neutral Agar Plate Figure 3.2 shows the effect of pH levels less than seven (Acid) on the no. of colonies. pH Level of the Nutrient Broth| Number of Colonies| | Trial 1Mean of Three Repetitions| Trial 2Mean of Three Repetitions| Trial 3Mean of Three Repetitions| pH 1| | | | pH 2| | | | pH 3| | | | pH 4| | | | Figure 3.3 Interactions in Acidic Nutrient Broth Shows the effect of pH levels lower than seven (Acid) on the no. of colonies. pH Level of the Nutrient Broth| Number of Colonies| | Trial 1Mean of Three Repetitions| Trial 2Mean of Three Repetitions| Trial 3Mean of Three Repetitions| pH10| | | | pH11| | | | pH12| | | | pH13| | | | pH14| | | | Figure 3.4. Interactions in Basic Nutrient Broth Shows the effects of pH levels greater than seven (Basic) on the no. of colonies Bibliography * Anke, T. & Weber, D. (2009). Physiology and Genetics: Selected Basic and Applied Aspects, Volume 15. Springer-Verlag: Heidelberg, Germany * Chapelle, F. (2001). Ground-water Microbiology and Geochemistry (2nd ed.). John Wiley & Sons, Inc.: Canada. * Kubitzki, K. (2011). Flowering Plants. Eudicots: Sapindales, Cucurbitals, Myrtaceae. Springer-Verlag: Heidelberg, Germany. * Shahidi, F. & Ho, C. T. (2000). Phytochemicals and Phytopharmaceuticals. AOCS Press: USA. * Storz, G. & Aronis, R.H. (2000). Bacteria Stress Responses. ASM Press: USA. * â€Å"Agars.† Difco & BBL Manual. http://www.bd.com/ds/technicalCenter/inserts/Agars.pdf, accessed January 17, 2008. * â€Å"Agar Bottles – Preparation & Equipment Use.† Science Stuff, Inc. http://www.sciencestuff.com/playground/agar_bottle.shtml, accessed January 14, 2005. Mott, et al. * â€Å"Agar Bottles – Preparation & Equipment Use.† Science Stuff, Inc. http://www.sciencestuff.com/playground/agar_bottle.shtm l, accessed January 14, 2005. * â€Å"Artificial Environments for Growing Bacteria.† WW Bio Institute. http://www.woodrow.org, (www.woodrow.org/teachers/esi/2002/Biology/Projects/lab_skills/ls5/), accessed January 14, 2005. * â€Å"Microbiology.† MadSci Network. http://www.madsci.org/posts/archives/mar98/888937612.Mi.r.html, accessed January 25, 2005.

Appraising the International Market Environment Sample for Students

The business environment is one of the most important success factors. The PESTLE analysis model emphasizes on the importance of the external business environment. According to the PESTLE model, there are a variety of sectors in which the external environment can be divided into. These include political; economic, social technological, legal and environmental  (Murray-Webster, 2010). Though these sectors are crucial for any business, they are of even more importance to organizations working within the international arena. Consequently, organizations operating in foreign territory have to conduct appraisals on their host countries’ environment. Despite the vast nature of the international business environment, the economic environment is highly important to business success. Essentially, this is the case because the business environment is largely influenced by the various aspects of the economic environment  (Fernando, 2011). Therefore, notwithstanding the importance of ot her sectors of the business environment, this report seeks to show that the economic environment is the most crucial in appraisal of the international market environment. Firstly, Appraisal of the international business environment is necessary because of the increased level of complexity involved. Complexity, resulting from interaction between factors of the external environment, makes it difficult for organizations to evaluate and respond to the changing environmental factors  (Hamilton & Webster, 2015). The importance of the economic environment comes to mind based on one of the most famous business theories. The shareholder theory defines the role of the business as the duty to maximize its shareholder investments into profits (Karata?-Ãâ€"zkan, Nicolopoulou, & Ãâ€"zbilgin, 2014; Stout, 2012). Essentially, this ties the very existence of organizations to economics. In consideration of the international environment, the basic attraction that drives businesses across borders is the potential economic returns to be achieved from the investment. Therefore, without the economic considerations, international trading would be pointless. According to Jain, Trehan & Trehan (2014), the economic environment is the most important of all sectors of the environment. The authors attribute its superior importance to its dynamic nature. International businesses are not only governed by the economic environment of the host country; but also that of any other nation from which they source factors of production  (Jain, Trehan, & Trehan, 2014). The economic environment involves economic conditions; economic policies, economic systems, phases of business cycle, foreign investment, and international organizations among others. In support, Fernando (2011) stipulates that the economic environment is a multi-faceted factor of business that taps into all sectors of the environment. Therefore, it encompasses most of the other specific types of external environments. For instance, economic policies go hand in hand with the legal environment. Similarly, economic planning based on degree of competition is part of the economic environment but also includes social environment factors such as consumer behavior and market structures. Therefore, the economic environment is the most important factor for international businesses to consider. Its influence affects all other environmental sectors. Undeniably, despite the progress of theoretical perspectives about the role of business in society, the primary concern and reason for business’ existence is the development of economic success. Thus, without discrediting the importance of other business environments in the international arena, the economic environment is the most important of concerns to investors. The legal environment is just as important as the rest of the categories. Indeed, without the proper social structure, it would be impossible for organizations to sell their products to local populations; it is also impossible for companies to work in areas that have political unrest. However, the initial thought is the economic viability of the investment then followed by consideration of the other factors. Consequently, it is safe to maintain that the economic environment is still the most important of all factors of the external environment.    Secondly, perhaps it would also be prudent to consider Trichet, President of the ECB, whose speech emphasizes the standardization associated with the economic environment. Economic performance is the standard metrics form used to tally regional, international and global development. For instance, in a bid to demonstrate the importance of emerging markets, Trichet quotes their contribution of over 40% of the world’s GDP. He observes that emerging markets contribute that much having only developed 20% of their potential  (European Central Bank, 2007). Thus, the every determination of a country’s development is pegged on its economic performance and potential. In shocking recent developments, some companies such as Patagonia have come to resist the profit-oriented business model. In response to the rising concerns of environmental degradation, the organization has developed new heights of sustainability. Their product life cycle is not characterized by the maximization o f repeat sales; rather, the company’s campaigns and leading adverts discourage consumers on impulse buying. That’s, they should only buy what they need. The company’s competitive edge in the market is pegged on its sustainability initiatives. Thus, it appeals to the social sector by manipulating the environmental concerns of its consumersConsequently, the main visible sectors in the strategy include the social and environmental fragments of the business environment. However, the bottom line is that the implementation of the unique strategy is aimed at gaining economic advantage over other players in the market. Green friendly consumers are bound to purchase the company’s high-end products because of its standing on sustainability. Therefore, despite the sustainability metrics of success, Patagonia still relies on financial performance to gauge the strategy’s progress and success. From the comprehensive discussion above, the crucial nature of the economic environment in international markets is evident. However, this is not meant to render other sectors irrelevant but merely point out that appraisal of the international markets is highly reliant on the accuracy of the analysis of the economic environment of a host country. Essentially, economies are the sole attractions to foreign markets; they should be effectively appraised for investors to identify opportunities and effectively strategize towards organizational success. In conclusion, international investment requires a comprehensive analysis of the host country’s environment. Contrary to common belief, environmental sectors such as legal and social do not take precedence over the economic environment. As discussed, this is because the economic environment is the sole attraction to which organizations respond. Thus, it is only prudent that companies take note of the host country’s economics. Further, the dynamics of the economic environment make it influential on all other sectors. It is also important to consider that the most common metric of performance and rank is economic performance. Therefore, the importance of the economic sector in environment appraisal is undeniable. Some scholars have taken to emphasizing the importance of the other environmental sectors. However, the influence of the economic environment over them is undeniable. For instance, fragments of the legal environment interlock with the economic environment. Theref ore, most of the other sectors are connected to business by their contribution to the economic value. Consequently, it is safe to conclude that the economic environment takes precedence over other environment sectors. European Central Bank. (2007, November 26). The growing importance of emerging economies in the globalised world and its implications for the international financial architecture. Retrieved from European Central Bank : https://www.ecb.europa.eu/press/key/date/2007/html/sp071126_1.en.html Fernando, A. (2011). Business Environment. New-Delhi: Pearson Education India. Hamilton, L., & Webster, P. (2015). The International Business Environment. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Jain, T. R., Trehan, M., & Trehan, R. (2014). Business Environment: for B.Com-III Semester-V and VI. New-Delhi: VK Global Publications. Karata?-Ãâ€"zkan, M., Nicolopoulou, K., & Ãâ€"zbilgin, M. F. (2014). Corporate Social Responsibility and Human Resource Management: A Diversity Perspective. Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar Publishing. Klapper, L., Laeven, L., & Rajan, R. (2004). Business Environment and Firm Entry: Evidence from International Data. National Bureau of Economic Research, 10.3386/w10380. Murray-Webster, R. (2010). Management of risk: guidance for practitioners. Norwich; NR: The Stationery Office. Stout, L. A. (2012). The Shareholder Value Myth: How Putting Shareholders First Harms Investors, Corporations, and the Public. San Francisco, CA: Berrett-Koehler Publishers. Sustain-Live. (2015). Patagonia-Sustainable Business Model. Retrieved from Sustain-Live: https://www.sustainlive.org/corporate-social-responsibility-case-studies/sustainable-business-model/

Team Working (Dynamics, Efficiency) Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Team Working (Dynamics, Efficiency) - Coursework Example Team working is one of the prime aspects based on which organisational operations are conducted in a coordinated manner (European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions, 2007). These factors, as stated above, can be identified as quite relevant in the scenario, where a survey was conducted in the year 2013 by CIPD, unveiling that most of the employees in the UK are not offered with required development plans relating to team working skills by the management. This has been affecting staff performance within the organisation to a large extent. In addition, Cedar, which is a training consultancy operating in the UK, have disclosed that lack of support as well as training has been an important concern for affecting business productivity proving the arguments in CIPD report. Human resources are recognised as facing issues relating to support from management, complex inter-personal relationship, inadequate training and stressful working environment. In this respect, Cedar needs to adopt an effective leadership style based on which organisational performance and effectiveness can be enhanced. Thus, this report intends to approach the HR Director of Cedar, which w ill be critically analysing the issues to improve relationships and community spirits among teams. According to the study conducted by Tarricone & Luca (2002), teams are identified as an important consideration for any organisation to the delivery of required business unit with better efficiency. Teams are developed comprising members with desired competencies with the aim of ensuring that operations are conducted in a participative as well as coordinated manner (Tarricone & Luca, 2002). In a similar perspective, the article published by Pearson Education (2011) signified that teams refer to groups working with the intention of accomplishing certain common goals. Team members thus need to perform their operations in accordance with which, operations or activities are needed to

Human Resource Planning in Hospitality Assignment

Human Resource Planning in Hospitality - Assignment Example It is through the Human resource planning process the extended personnel costs can be reduced by anticipating shortages and surpluses. Human resource planning provide informed base for planning employee development (Human resource planning). Human resource planning covers all the aspects of matters related to the organisation personnel from recruiting and selecting to staffing, training, employee involvement, empowerment and conflict resolution. The first and most important task undertaken by the Human resource department is the recruitment of the employees. It is important to identify the position's requirement before undertaking the task of recruitment. This in turn helps to find the most suitable candidate. Better selection of the employee leads to the performance improvement of the firm. In case of recruitment and selection process the firm and the employee exchange information. The firm provides the candidates with the information regarding the objective of the company and the tasks related to the job. On the other hand the candidate describe his capabilities. The main purpose of the business and the organisation is to project the positive image of the firm, highlight the benefits attached to the job and the future prospects of development in the organisation in shape of promotion and increase in compensation. The process overdone can lead to higher and unrealistic expectations of employees, which can lead to the lower efficiency and output level in case of the lower expectations fulfilment. On the other hand the management should elicit from all the applicants an objective demonstration of their knowledge, skills, abilities aptitudes motivation and past performance. (Koontz and Weihrich, 1993) There are two sources of employees' recruitment, which can be classified, as internal and external. By filling a job position from the internal source i.e. by transferring or promoting an employee has a positive effect on the morale of the employee the candidate has relatively more information regarding the job process. So it is relatively beneficial to undertake internal recruiting prior to external recruiting. In case the present employees cannot fulfil the job specifications than the firm must go to external sources or in other case if the firm needs workforce expansion. The firms are available w ith several outside sources to attract the candidates. First and the most important source are the advertising. The companies give their advertisement in the media read only with the information about the company; the job specification can be included in the ad to permit some self-screening. Second important source is the job postings on the company web site. Since the advent of the information technology most of the firms have their official presence on the Internet in shape of web sites. There is a special section on these web sites, which provide information about the company and the job requirements, and the current job postings needed to be filled by the company. The job application forms can also be filled online and after the application form analysis by the company management short listed candidates are contacted. Third are

Relationship Marketing and Ethical Standards Essay

Relationship Marketing and Ethical Standards - Essay Example ess) in addition to a tarnished reputation in the market because the business customer has also customers who are dependent to its products and/or services. In addition to quality, competitive price and promptness of delivery, the seller has to be reliable also that the same product of service can be had for as long as there is a demand. It is important that the company must have code of conduct that governs the ethical practice of all its employees. This removes the ambivalence and difficulty of determining which conduct is unethical and which is not. Having a clear standard of what is ethical and what is not, it would be easier for the marketing manager to ensure that ethical standards at the micro or macro level of marketing is present because all he has to do is to implement the company’s code of ethical conduct. The employees concerned also know the guidelines that should govern their acts in the company making it easier for the marketing manager have ethics in his

Questions on the case of WELLS FARGO Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Questions on the case of WELLS FARGO - Essay Example In the California financial code, there is a provision that ensures parity where the commissioner is allowed to issue commands in regulating a California chattered bank to conduct any activity that is allowed for a national chattered bank (FindLaw, 2011). In the determination of whether a federal statute preempts a state law, there is the general presumption that the supremacy clause of the constitution to the United States federal statutes does not preempt the historic powers of the state police. This can only happen if the preemption has the clarity of the United States congress purpose. The general presumption in opposition to preemption, we narrowly interpret the accurate language of the national law or regulation to determine whether a meticulous state law declaration is preempted ((White Paper 2010, 11). State banks are authorized to conduct activities that are not allowed for national banks. This shows that even if Wells Fargo Bank was a Californian chartered bank, it could ha ve taken its case to the court of appeal. If the national chattered bank was able to do that, the California chattered bank was able to do the same. Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) and the Federal Reserve Bank (FRB) conduct examinations in the bank alternatively. The alternation of examination programs, which is either, in a twelve or eighteen month cycle allows the bank to have privacy by keeping intruders off the bank (White Paper 2010, 1). Had 16 F.R. 1904 not included the statement that â€Å"the regulation is a clarification of existing law," the case could have taken a different turn because it could have favored the plaintiff. In this case, Smith did not get any favor for the section stipulated that the case was clarified (FindLaw, 2011). Smith was not lucky because the disclosure he accused the bank to have been preempted in the same ruling. In that regard, the case of advertising being misleading was not favored by the court. If the section was not clarifies, smith could have been favored because the advertisement could have been claimed as misleading. On the other hand, smith did not have any evidence because he did not provide any advert which had affirmative misinterpretation. Smith’s allegations could not have been overruled if he had the advert which was misinterpreted by customers as he claimed (White Paper 2010, 2). The police powers would still have protected the consumer because they are supposed to protect the regulation of consumers and the bank or financial institution. The plaintiff would have been in a very happy mood but, his expectations were turned down because of the insertion of that phrase about clarification. The ruling would have affected the bank in hard manner because colossal amount of money could have been paid as fine due to the ignorance of rules in the bank. The plaintiff could have received benefits but, now he was forced to bear with the circumstances (Portfolio Media, Inc., 2010). Truth in Savings A ct (12 U.S.C. 4301 et. seq.), it is also known as TISA which an acronym. It is a federal law in the United States which was passed on December 19th, 1991. The act was a part of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Improvement Act of 1991. It establishes the uniformity of the terms that regard interests and fees which are paid in the process of opening accounts and passing information (Cfpb, 2011). The United States congress was behind the passing of the law as it noted that it was determined to enhance

What are the characteristics of the Mediterranean welfare state and Essay

What are the characteristics of the Mediterranean welfare state and what particular challenges do they face (Politics) - Essay Example Such a model of governance has been applied in varying degrees and forms throughout the world; however, the largest concentration of these has been noted within the continent of Europe. As a function of the horrors of the Second World War and a long history of social activism, many nations within the European model is the most developed form of the welfare state in existence in the world today. Although it may be simple and concise to simply lump all of these welfare states in together as a means of better understanding their core components and the ways in which they interact within the lives of their citizens, such an approach would necessarily miss many of the nuances that different cultures that and economic realities have with respect to the way the welfare state itself is exhibited. As a function of this, the following brief analysis will seek to consider the ways in which the so-called â€Å"Mediterranean Welfare states† differ from those that are in place throughout mu ch of the rest of Europe and indeed throughout the rest of the world. In this way, it is the hope of this author that such a level of analysis will help the reader to come to a better understanding of the social and economic externalities that define the way that these respective governments interact with their shareholders (Bover, 2011). Moreover, as a function of this level of critique and review, the author will also seek to provide a level of critique with regards to the challenges that such systems face as a function of the policies and actions that define them. Accordingly, such a report will include a high degree of economic analysis and consideration as a means of trying to understand the ways in which the central governments of these nations seek to divide and redistribute wealth while at the same time balancing job creation, FDI, and labour demands that define the